Platform Economics in Vertically-Related Structures

A l'última dècada, l'auge i l'expansió de l'economia de plataformes ha representat la nova revolució econòmica. Recolzada per la digitalització, aquesta nova forma d'organització de l'economia ha canviat l'arquitectura general de la indústria i ha reformat tot el procés de creació de valor, que ha passat d'estructures de cadena vertical a ecosistemes més horitzontals. Empreses com Amazon, Facebook, Google i Microsoft són un clar exemple d'aquest canvi disruptiu. Aquesta tesi es composa de tres assaigs independents relacionats amb la nova economia de plataformes. Al capítol 1, s'analitza l'efecte combinat de la previsió del consumidor i la competència entre aeroports sobre els beneficis de la plataforma, mitjançant l'anàlisi de les indústries aeroportuàries. Curiosament, s’observa que l'estratègia òptima d'un aeroport monopolista depèn en última instància del grau de previsió del consumidor i és insensible als canvis de l'entorn competitiu. No obstant això, la correlació entre els beneficis aeroportuaris i la miopia del consumidor és positiva quan es consideren aeroports monopolis i feblement negativa quan es té en compte la competència aeroportuària. Al capítol 2 s’explora la distribució autònoma i delegada per part dels autors en la indústria del llibre electrònic, tenint en compte el cas concret d'Amazon. El principal resultat suggereix que l'autopublicació comporta uns preus més elevats dels llibres electrònics per als consumidors en determinades circumstàncies. Finalment, al capítol 3 abordem el tema de la venda d'informació dels consumidors, caracteritzant l'estratègia òptima d'un propietari de dades que decideix si vendre les seves dades o utilitzar-les per competir en el mercat. Es conclou que el propietari de les dades no té una estratègia dominant.En la última década, el auge y expansión de la economía de plataformas ha representado la nueva revolución económica. Con la ayuda de la digitalización, esta nueva forma de organizar la economía ha cambiado la arquitectura general de la industria y ha reformado todo el proceso de creación de valor, que ha pasado de estructuras de cadena vertical a ecosistemas más horizontales. Empresas como Amazon, Facebook, Google y Microsoft son un claro ejemplo de este cambio disruptivo. Esta tesis se compone de tres ensayos independientes, relacionados con la nueva economía de plataformas. En el capítulo 1, se analiza el efecto combinado de la previsión del consumidor y la competencia entre aeropuertos sobre los beneficios de la plataforma, mediante el análisis de las industrias aeroportuarias. Curiosamente, se observa que la estrategia óptima de un aeropuerto monopolista depende en última instancia del grado de previsión del consumidor y es insensible a los cambios en el entorno competitivo. Sin embargo, la correlación entre los beneficios de los aeropuertos y la miopía de los consumidores es positiva cuando se consideran aeropuertos monopolistas y débilmente negativa cuando se considera la competencia aeroportuaria. En el capítulo 2, se explora la distribución propia y delegada por parte de los autores en la industria del libro electrónico, tomando en consideración el caso específico de Amazon. El resultado principal sugiere que la autoedición conlleva precios más altos de los libros electrónicos para los consumidores en ciertas circunstancias. Finalmente, en el capítulo 3 se aborda el tema de la venta de información de los consumidores, caracterizando la estrategia óptima de un propietario de datos que decide si vender sus datos o usarlos para competir en el mercado. Se concluye que el propietario de los datos no tiene una estrategia dominante.In the last decade, the rise and expansion of the platform economy has represented the new economic revolution. Helped by the digitization, this new form of organizing the economy has changed the overall Industry Architecture and reformed the whole value-creation process, which has passed from vertical-chain structures to more horizontal ecosystems. Companies such as Amazon, Facebook, Google and Microsoft are a clear example of this disruptive change. This thesis is composed of three independent essays related to new platform economy. In chapter 1, we analyze the combined effect of consumer foresight and competition on platform profits, by analyzing the airport industries. Interestingly, we find that the optimal strategy of a monopoly airport ultimately depends on the degree of consumer foresight and it is insensitive to changes in the competitive environment. Nevertheless, the correlation between airport profits and consumer myopia is positive when considering a monopoly airports and weakly negative when considering airport competition. In chapter 2, we analyze the self- and delegated distribution in the e-book industry, by taking into consideration the specific case of Amazon. Our main result suggests that self-publishing results in higher e-book prices for consumers under certain circumstances. Finally, in chapter 3 we address the topic of the sale of consumer information, by characterizing the optimal strategy of a data owner who has to decide whether to sell his data or using them to compete in the market. We find that the data owner does not have a dominant strategy

Engineering interband tunneling in nanowires with diamond cubic or zincblende crystalline structure based on atomistic modeling

We present an investigation in the device parameter space of band-to-band tunneling in nanowires with a diamond cubic or zincblende crystalline structure. Results are obtained from quantum transport simulations based on Non-Equilibrium Green's functions with a tight-binding atomistic Hamiltonian. Interband tunneling is extremely sensitive to the longitudinal electric field, to the nanowire cross section, through the gap, and to the material. We have derived an approximate analytical expression for the transmission probability based on WKB theory and on a proper choice of the effective interband tunneling mass, which shows good agreement with results from atomistic quantum simulation.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. Final version, published in IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. It differs from the previous arXiv version for the title and for some changes in the text and in the reference

Reconstruction of old radical cavities and long-term results

Various techniques and materials have been proposed to deal with the problems that concern radical cavities, such as recurrence of the inflammatory process, the need for regular medication, and social inconvenience (eg, inability to practice water sports, working in an adverse enviroment). This article provides a detailed report of the results of revalidation of old radical cavities using hydroxyapatite granules as a filling. The material was incorporated with fibrin adhesive to fill the mastoid cavity and was covered with a sheet of bone pate sealant. Twenty-eight patients with chronic discharging old radical cavities were selected for this study (mean follow-up 11.4 years; range 10-14 years). At the 6-month follow-up, grafting was successful in 25 patients, whereas the functional outcomes showed an air-bone gap below 30 dB in 18 patients. No postoperative sensorineural hearing loss was observed. The long-term follow-up demonstrated a slight worsening of the initial findings; four other patients had reperforation of the tympanic membrane, and hearing deteriorated in five patients to above 30 dB air-bone gap. These results could be a consequence of an alteration in the function of the eustachian tube and of the severity of the preoperative pathologic processes

Results and complications of facial reanimation following cerebellopontine angle surgery

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the results of a group of patients following treatment for cerebellopontine angle lesions who developed postoperative facial palsy and underwent facial nerve repair in order to reanimate the muscles of facial expression. A retrospective study was performed on 23 patients treated between 1988 and 1997 at the 2nd and 4th ENT chairs of University "La Sapienza" of Pome for facial palsy following cerebellopontine angle surgery. Tumors included acoustic neuromas (n = 3). Seventeen patients underwent hypoglossal-facial anastomoses [10 with end-to-end anastomoses, 4 with May's interposition "jump-nerve" grafts and 3 with partial (30%) use of the hypoglossal nerve plus a facial cross-over]. The remaining patients were operated on using a cable graft with the sural nerve (n = 2) and the great auricular nerve (n = 4). Postoperative facial function was determined by the House-Brackmann 6-scale classification The hypoglossal-facial anastomoses resulted in long-term grade III or IV findings. Cable grafts improved facial function from grade VI to grade III. None of the patients operated on with the modified VII-XII anastomosis developed swallowing disturbances. The ten patients having traditional hypoglossal-facial anastomoses showed different degrees of tongue disability and retention of residue in the oral cavity. Surgical recovery of postoperative facial palsy can be obtained with various techniques according to the availability of the proximal facial nerve stump at the brain stem. Since a traditional hypoglossal-facial anastomosis procedure can be a source of a separate disability for the patient: techniques are preferred that leave the hypoglossal nerve mostly intact and uncompromised

L'incompatibilità endoprocessuale del giudice penale

Scopo del lavoro e’ quello di esaminare l’istituto dell’incompatibilità endoprocessuale del giudice penale, indicato all’art. 34 cod. proc. pen., in tutti i suoi aspetti: dalla sua evoluzione, alla sua applicazione sostanziale nella giurisprudenza costituzionale , passando per i suoni innumerevoli “vuoti di tutela” e le molteplici modifiche ad opera della Corte costituzionale e giungendo sino alla riprogettazione normativa dell’incompatibilità stessa. La ratio dell’istituto e’ quella di assicurare il regolare esercizio delle pubbliche funzioni e di garantire l’imparzialità degli organi giudicanti evitando così che essi possano subire negativi condizionamenti

Effects of protein supplementation in fitness world: A 12-week cross-over studio

The aim of this project was to evaluate the effect of isolated protein supplementation in young amateur athletes. Sixteen subjects aged between 20 and 30 were recruited for this study. Before to start sports performance was assessed at T0, in all subjects, using physical performance test and evaluated body composition. Therefore, the subjects were randomly assigned in two groups (group A and B) of 8 subjects each. The group A start to intake 30 g of protein powder diluted in water after each training session (3 times a week) for six weeks (T0) whilst the group B was the placebo. After 6 weeks (T1), the measurement were repeated for all subjects and the group A became placebo and the group B started with the supplementation. At the end of 6 weeks (T2) we carried out all the tests were performed again. Results showed a significant improvement in almost all tests between T0 and T2 within the same group (p < .05), but not significant difference was found between the start and the end of protein’s intake period in both groups. In conclusion, supplementation did not have affect the performance and body composition significantly. Instead, training seems to influence the performance more the supplementation

Il trattamento emodialitico oggi

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